Introduction to Cargo and Cargo Workspaces in Rust

While
using
the

rust
programming
language,
cargo
serves
as
a
valuable
tool.
You
can
use
Cargo
for
building
and
executing
code.
Cargo
allows
you
to
compile
as
well
as
run
Rust
applications.
In
case
you
have
limited
familiarity
with
Rust
as
a
programming
language,
you
need
to
bear
in
mind
that
you
can
take
the
help
of
a
Cargo
workspace.

It
will
certainly
act
as
the
perfect
platform
that
can
help
you
understand
how
to
run
Rust
applications.
Although
it
is
not
mandatory
for
you
to
use
Cargo,
it
can
certainly
enhance
your
ability
to
work
on
Rust
applications.
That’s
not
all!
By
familiarizing
yourself
with
cargo
you
can
take
advantage
of
Rust
cargo
features.
The
rust
cargo
guide
will
help
you
broaden
your
knowledge
about
cargo
workspaces
in
Rust.

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What
is
Rust
Cargo?

Before
diving
into
cargo
workspaces
in
Rust,
it
is
important
to
find
an
answer
to
the
question
–
‘What
is
Rust
Cargo?’
Cargo
is
basically
a
Rust
package
manager.
By
using
it
you
can
download
the
dependencies
from
your
Rust
package.
Furthermore,
you
can
also
perform
other
functions
such
as
making
distributable
packages,
compiling
your
packages
and
uploading
the
packages
to
crates.io.

Cargo
is
an
important
tool
that
enables
Rusk
packages
to
declare
their
varying
dependencies.
Moreover,
by
using
it
you
will
be
able
to
get
an
imitable
build
at
all
times.
A
unique
feature
of
Cargo
is
that
it
can
normalize
the
commands
that
are
required
for
creating
a
particular
program
or
library.
You
can
use
the
same
command
for
the
purpose
of
developing
diverse
artifacts,
irrespective
of
their
name.
Once
you
learn
how
to
build
a
single
cargo
project
you
will
be
able
to
build
all
kinds
of
projects
in
an
effective
manner. 

Role
of
Cargo
Workspaces
in
Rust

The
role
of
cargo
workspaces
in
Rust
is
of
high
importance.
This
is
evident
from
the
fact
that
many

Rust
developers
use
Cargo
as
the
ultimate
tool
for
managing
their
projects.
It
is
because
Cargo
allows
them
to
take
care
of
a
broad
range
of
activities
and
tasks
in
a
simplified
manner.
With
the
help
of
cargo
workspace
rust,
you
can
build
your
own
code,
download
the
libraries
that
your
code
relies
on.

Moreover,
you
can
build
these
libraries
with
the
help
of
Cargo. 
Cargo
workspace
is
an
ideal
tool
that
you
can
rely
upon
in
case
you
have
no
previous
experience
of
using
Rust.
Now
that
you
already
know
the
answer
to
–
What
is
Rust
Cargo?
You
can
shift
your
attention
towards
how
to
use
cargo
workspace.
You
can
refer
to
a
number
of
rust
cargo
examples
in
order
to
understand
how
the
tool
functions
in
the
practical
setting.

Important
workspace
settings
in
Cargo

In
order
to
get
an
in-depth
insight
into
cargo
Workspaces,
you
need
to
familiarize
yourself
with
some
key
workspace-specific
settings.
The
insight
can
help
you
use
the
tool
in
an
effective
manner
while
working
on
a
broad
range
of
Rust
applications
and
projects.
Some
of
the
main
settings
that
you
may
have
to
manage
under
the
workspace
group
in
Cargo.toml
file
are:

• 
  Resolver
  
  –
  The
  ‘resolver’
  setting
  allows
  developers
  to
  select
  the
  dependency
  resolver.
• 
  Exclude
  
  –
  The
  setting
  allows
  you
  to
  exclude
  specific
  packages
  from
  the
  Cargo
  workspace.
  Hence
  by
  using
  the
  setting
  you
  can
  leave
  out
  the
  packages
  that
  do
  not
  serve
  any
  purpose
  while
  working
  on
  a
  specific
  project. 
• 
  Package
  –
  
  The
  package
  setting
  lets
  developers
  set
  keys
  that
  will
  be
  included
  in
  all
  the
  packages
  in
  the
  Cargo
  workspace. 
• 
  Default
  members
  
  –
  The
  setting
  enables
  developers
  to
  choose
  the
  packages
  that
  they
  intend
  to
  work
  on.
• 
  Dependencies
  –
  
  Dependencies
  play
  an
  important
  role
  in
  Cargo
  workspaces
  since
  they
  allow
  users
  to
  set
  the
  keys
  that
  will
  be
  included
  in
  all
  the
  package
  dependencies.
• 
  Lints
  
  –
  The
  setting
  relating
  to
  lints
  is
  responsible
  for
  allowing
  users
  to
  set
  the
  keys
  that
  will
  be
  incorporated
  into
  package
  lints. 
• 
  Metadata
  
  –
  With
  the
  help
  of
  metadata
  you
  can
  set
  additional
  settings
  in
  case
  you
  plan
  on
  using
  external
  tools. 

While
using
cargo
workspace,
you
need
to
get
acquainted
with
its
important
settings
and
their
role
in
real-life
rust
cargo
examples.
Some
of
the
settings
that
have
been
presented
can
help
you
make
the
best
possible
use
of
rust
cargo
features.
You
can
take
advantage
of
these
features
while
working
on
diverse
Rust
applications.
Even
if
you
are
a
novice
or
a
beginner,
you
can
use
Cargo
workspace
to
develop
proper
skills
to
work
on
rust
applications.

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Developing
Cargo
Workspaces 

Cargo
offers
a
unique
feature
which
is
known
as
‘workspace’
to
its
users.
The
main
purpose
of
a
cargo
workspace

is
to
help
you
manage
varying
related
projects
that
are
built
at
the
same
time.
A
workspace

is
basically
a
series
of
packages
that
share
the
same
output
directory
as
well
as
cargo.lock. 
There
exist
different
methods
of
structuring
a
workspace. 

One
of
the
most
common
methods
involves
a
workspace
that
encompasses
a
binary
along
with
two
libraries.
In
the
particular
rust
cargo
scenario,
the
binary
will
offer
the
chief
functionality.
Furthermore,
it
will
rely
on
the
two
libraries.
One
of
the
libraries
will
offer
the
add_one
function
whereas
the
other
library
will
offer
the
add_two
function. 

The
three
crates
will
be
the
constituent
of
the
same
workspace.
While
creating
the
new
directory,
the
role
of
the
add
directory
is
key.
This
is
because
it
will
help
in
the
creation
of
a
Cargo.toml
file.
The
Cargo.toml
will
be
responsible
for
configuring
the
complete
cargo
workspace.

Developing
Second
Crate
in
Cargo
Workspaces 

With
the
help
of
the
rust
cargo
features
you
can
develop
a
second
crate
in
your
cargo
workspace.
You
must
keep
in
mind
that
the
crate
will
exist
in
the
add-one
directory.
In
this
scenario
you
need
to
alter
the
top-level
Cargo.toml
so
that
it
can
have
another
add-one
path.
It
is
an
important
step
that
will
help
you
generate
a
new
library
crate
with
the
name
‘add-one.’
It
should
have
directories
and
files
such
as
Cargo.lock,
Cargo.toml,
add-one,
(Cargo.toml,
src,
lib.rs),
adder,
(Cargo.toml,
src,
main.rs),
and
target.

In
workspaces,
crates
do
not
have
to
rely
on
one
another.
However,
it
is
essential
to
be
clear
about
the
dependency
association
that
exists
between
the
crates
in
the
workspace.
While
running
the
binary
crate
from
the
top-level
‘add’
directory
you
should
specify
which
package
in
the
cargo
workspace
you
intend
to
use.
You
can
do
this
by
using
the
-p
argument
along
with
the
name
of
the
package
and
cargo
run.
This
step
will
ensure
that
the
code
is
run
in
adder/src/main.rs
which
relies
on
the
add-one
crate.

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Role
of
Dependencies
in
Cargo
Workspaces

In
Cargo
workspaces,
the
role
of
dependencies
is
important.
The
dependencies
need
to
be
specified
so
that
Cargo
will
be
able
to
identify
it.
Crates.io
serves
as
the
chief
package
registry
that
is
the
main
region
for
discovering
as
well
as
downloading
packages.
In
Cargo,
the
default
configuration
has
been
made
so
that
it
will
be
able
to
locate
the
requested
package.
If
you
wish
to
depend
on
a
library
that
is
hosted
by
Crates.io,
you
need
to
add
it
to
your
Cargo.toml.
It
is
an
important
step
that
you
need
to
keep
in
mind
while
using
cargo
workspace
rust.

In
case
your
Cargo.toml
does
not
have
a
section
for
‘dependencies’
you
have
the
option
to
add
it.
You
can
do
so
by
adding
the
section
and
listing
the
crate
name
along
with
the
version
that
you
intend
to
use.
It
is
important
to
keep
in
mind
that
the
Cargo.lock
contains
all
the
information
relating
to
the
revisions
that
have
been
made
relating
to
the
dependencies. 

Importance
of
Cargo
Workspaces
in
Rust

In
case
you
are
working
on
Rust
applications
for
the
very
first
time,
you
can
certainly
consider
using
Cargo.
Cargo
Workspace
can
certainly
simplify
your
journey
with
the
Rust
programming
language.
This
will
be
possible
since
it
can
carry
out
a
broad
range
of
activities
and
help
you
understand
how
projects
that
involve
Rust
work.
With
the
help
of
a
comprehensive
rust
cargo
guide
you
will
be
able
to
know
how
to
utilize
Cargo
for
developing
Rust
packages.

With
the
help
of
cargo
workspace
rust
you
will
be
able
to
manage
a
broad
range
of
crates
as
one
project.
This
is
an
extremely
important
feature
that
will
be
of
immense
value
for
you,
especially
when
your
project
expands.
Furthermore,
you
can
also
take
advantage
of
Cargo
workspaces
when
you
have
to
separate
functionalities
into
varying
crates.

You
can
consider
an
example
belonging
to
an
online
gaming
project.
In
this
scenario,
you
may
wish
to
dedicate
one
crate
for
the
game
universe
and
another
crate
for
the
game
engine.
You
can
refer
to
numerous
other
rust
cargo
examples
to
explore
the
importance
of
cargo
workspaces
in
Rust
in
the
practical
setting.

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High
popularity
of
Cargo
Workspaces

Cargo
workspaces
have
gained
massive
popularity
in
the
current
times.
This
is
because
they
serve
as
the
bedrock
when
it
comes
to
monorepo
development
in
Rust
programming
language.
Their
role
is
critical
since
they
perform
the
role
of
containers
that
help
in
organizing
the
codebase
of
projects. 

By
making
use
of
Cargo
workspace,
you
can
arrange
the
codebases
into
unique
and
optionally
interconnected
crates.
Moreover,
each
crate
may
represent
a
binary,
library
or
a
test
suite.
Hence
it
is
possible
for
you
to
maintain
the
distinctive
identities
as
well
as
purposes
of
the
suits
within
carbo
workspaces. 

A
unique
attribute
of
cargo
workspaces
in
Rust
is
that
it
acts
as
a
suitable
collaborative
environment
for
developers.
Hence
developers
can
use
cargo
and
its
features
while
working
on
Rust
projects.
By
using
such
an
environment,
it
is
possible
to
ensure
that
crates
can
interact
with
each
other
seamlessly.
Furthermore,
it
can
support
the
construction
of
systems
with
high
complexity.
This
is
possible
without
adding
complications
relating
to
the
management
of
numerous
repositories.   

As
a
developer
you
can
take
advantage
of
the
collaborative
environment
which
serves
as
the
centralized
knowledge
base.
It
can
undoubtedly
simplify
your
journey
while
working
on
Rust
applications.
By
using
Cargo,
you
can
witness
how
each
crate
carries
out
a
distinctive
function
and
integrates
with
other
crates.
Moreover,
by
making
use
of
the
core
rust
cargo
features,
you
do
not
have
to
navigate
diverse
repositories.
Similarly,
it
also
eliminates
the
possibility
of
inconsistencies
that
may
arise
in
dependency
versions.

Final
Thoughts 

Cargo
serves
as
the
ultimate
foundation
of
Rust.
While
working
on
different
projects,
or
applications
that
involve
the

rust
programming
language,
you
can
use
Cargo
workspace.
It
can
certainly
help
you
understand
the
core
aspects
of
Rust.
The
features
of
Cargo
workspaces
can
make
sure
that
diverse
activities
and
tasks
can
be
made
simpler
for
you. 

By
understanding
the
main
settings
of
cargo
workspaces
in
Rust
you
can
use
the
tool
in
the
practical
setting.
The
knowledge
will
help
you
work
on
different
kinds
of
rust-based
projects
efficiently.
You
can
further
expand
your
knowledge
on
cargo
and
its
core
functionalities
by
referring
to
an
online
rust
cargo
guide.