BEVM Unveils Groundbreaking Taproot Consensus for Decentralized Bitcoin Layer 2 Solution

BlockchainGeneral



Cardiff,
英国,
May
26th,
2024,
Chainwire

On
May
20,
2024,
the
Bitcoin
Layer2
development
team

BEVM
released
the
technical
yellow
paper
titled
“Taproot
Consensus:
A
Decentralized
BTC
Layer2
Solution.”
This
paper
details
the
implementation
of
Taproot
Consensus,
leveraging
native
Bitcoin
technologies
such
as
Schnorr
signatures,
MAST,
and
Bitcoin
SPV
nodes
to
build
a
fully
decentralized
BTC
Layer2
solution.
Taproot
Consensus
represents
a
significant
leap
in
native
Bitcoin
scalability,
combining
existing
Bitcoin
technologies
innovatively
without
modifying
Bitcoin’s
core
code.


I.
History
of
Bitcoin’s
Technical
Iterations


  • October
    31,
    2008:     Satoshi
    Nakamoto
    published
    “Bitcoin:
    A
    Peer-to-Peer
    Electronic
    Cash
    System,”
    introducing
    Bitcoin
    and
    the
    concept
    of
    SPV
    (Simple
    Payment
    Verification).

  • January
    3,
    2009:     Nakamoto
    mined
    the
    Genesis
    Block,
    launching
    Bitcoin.
    The
    original
    code
    used
    ECDSA
    for
    digital
    signatures
    instead
    of
    the
    more
    suitable
    Schnorr
    signatures,
    which
    were
    under
    patent
    protection
    at
    the
    time.
    Schnorr
    signatures
    retain
    all
    the
    functionalities
    and
    security
    assumptions
    of
    ECDSA
    and
    can
    surpass
    the
    15-signature
    limit
    of
    ECDSA,
    enabling
    the
    management
    of
    Bitcoin
    with
    thousands
    of
    addresses
    without
    affecting
    signing
    speed.

  • 2018:     Bitcoin
    core
    developers
    proposed
    integrating
    Schnorr
    signatures
    into
    the
    Bitcoin
    network.

  • November
    14,
    2021:     The
    Taproot
    upgrade
    integrated
    Schnorr
    signatures
    and
    introduced
    MAST
    (Merkelized
    Abstract
    Syntax
    Trees),
    enabling
    smart
    contract-like
    capabilities
    and
    decentralized
    multi-signature
    management.
  • The
    Taproot
    Consensus
    solution
    by
    BEVM
    builds
    on
    these
    advancements,
    combining
    Schnorr
    signatures
    and
    MAST
    to
    manage
    multi-signature
    addresses
    and
    enable
    complex
    business
    scenarios
    in
    Bitcoin
    Layer2.


II.
Overview
of
the
Taproot
Consensus
Solution:

The
yellow
paper
begins
by
highlighting
Bitcoin’s
non-Turing
complete
nature
and
limited
functionality
for
smart
contracts.
It
argues
for
using
Bitcoin’s
existing
capabilities
to
build
a
decentralized
Layer2
solution
rather
than
modifying
Bitcoin
Layer1.

BEVM’s
Taproot
Consensus
combines
Bitcoin’s
Taproot
technology
(Schnorr
signatures
and
MAST),
Bitcoin
SPV
light
nodes,
and
the
BFT
PoS
consensus
mechanism
to
create
a
decentralized
and
consistent
Layer2
network.


III.
Detailed
Explanation
of
Taproot
Consensus
Architecture


The
Taproot
Consensus
architecture
comprises
three
main
components:
Schnorr+MAST,
Bitcoin
SPV,
and
Aura+Grandpa.


· Schnorr+MAST: Uses
these
technologies
from
the
Taproot
upgrade
to
achieve
decentralized
Bitcoin
multi-signature
management
driven
by
Bitcoin
code.


· Bitcoin
SPV: Allows
synchronization
and
verification
of
Bitcoin
transactions
without
running
a
full
node.


· Aura
+
Grandpa: Advanced
PoS
consensus
protocols
for
Byzantine
fault
tolerance,
ensuring
high
consistency
among
network
nodes.

In
the
BEVM
system,
each
validator
holds
a
BTC
private
key
for
Schnorr
signatures.
The
aggregated
public
key
forms
a
MAST
tree,
enabling
BTC
transfers
and
inscriptions
to
the
threshold
signature
address.
Validators
act
as
Bitcoin
SPV
light
nodes,
synchronizing
the
BTC
network
state
securely
and
permissionlessly.
Aura+Grandpa
ensures
the
Layer2
network’s
security
and
trustworthiness,
with
assets
managed
by
BFT
consensus.

The
operating
principle
of
Taproot
Consensus
is:
“In
the
BEVM
system,
each
validator
holds
a
BTC
private
key
for
Schnorr
signatures.
The
characteristic
of
Schnorr
signatures
enables
efficient
signature
aggregation,
thereby
enhancing
the
system’s
security
and
efficiency.
The
aggregated
public
key
Pagg,
generated
through
the
Musig2
multi-signature
scheme,
forms
a
large
MAST
(Merkle
Abstract
Syntax
Tree).
After
generating
the
root
hash
of
the
MAST
tree,
validators
perform
BTC
transfers
and
inscriptions
to
the
threshold
signature
address
generated
by
the
MAST
tree,
enabling
the
submission
of
data
from
the
BTC
mainnet
to
the
BEVM
network.
Each
validator
also
acts
as
a
Bitcoin
SPV
(Simplified
Payment
Verification)
light
node,
allowing
them
to
securely
and
permissionlessly
synchronize
the
BTC
network
state.”


IV.
Other
Technical
Details
in
the
Yellow
Paper
–
True
Decentralization

The
yellow
paper
also
details
the
implementation
of
Schnorr
signatures,
MAST,
Bitcoin
SPV
light
nodes,
and
Aura+Grandpa,
providing
a
comprehensive
technical
outline
for
those
interested
in
Bitcoin
technologies.
It
explains
the
Musig2
implementation
and
contrasts
with
other
BTC
Layer2
projects
like
Mezo,
which
uses
the
tBTC
protocol.
Unlike
tBTC,
which
relies
on
a
network
of
nine
signatories,
Taproot
Consensus
integrates
multi-signature
networks
with
BFT
PoS
consensus,
achieving
true
decentralization.

Moreover,
the
yellow
paper
explains
the
implementation
process
of
Musig2
and
the
differences
between
other
BTC
Layer2
projects
like
Mezo
and
Taproot
Consensus.
Mezo’s
underlying
technical
structure
is
based
on
the
tBTC
protocol,
which
uses
Bitcoin
multi-signature
to
construct
a
threshold
signature
network,
offering
strong
consistency
compared
to
traditional
distributed
networks.
However,
tBTC
still
relies
on
a
network
of
nine
signatories,
whereas
a
truly
decentralized
system
should
be
consensus-driven,
combining
multi-signature
networks
with
BFT
PoS
(Byzantine
Fault
Tolerance
Proof
of
Stake)
consensus
mechanisms.
This
is
the
difference
between
distributed
networks
and
blockchains;
distributed
networks
emphasize
distribution
but
lack
Byzantine
fault-tolerant
consensus,
whereas
blockchains,
while
also
being
distributed
networks,
are
driven
by
Byzantine
fault-tolerant
consensus,
achieving
true
decentralization.
The
Taproot
Consensus
solution
adopts
this
more
advanced
design.
By
integrating
Schnorr
signatures,
MAST,
Bitcoin
SPV
light
nodes,
and
Aura
and
Grandpa
Byzantine
fault-tolerant
consensus
mechanisms,
it
constructs
a
highly
consistent
and
secure
decentralized
Layer2
scalability
solution.
This
integration
enhances
the
scalability
and
usability
of
the
Bitcoin
network
and
ensures
the
security
and
consistency
of
the
BEVM
network.


Conclusion

The
BEVM
team’s
technical
yellow
paper
comprehensively
describes
Taproot
Consensus,
a
Bitcoin
Layer2
solution
built
entirely
on
native
Bitcoin
technologies.
It
respects
and
innovates
on
Bitcoin’s
original
technological
direction,
making
it
a
true
evolution
of
native
Bitcoin
scalability
technology.
As
the
Bitcoin
ecosystem
evolves,
solutions
like
Taproot
Consensus
will
be
crucial
for
its
development,
serving
as
major
cornerstones
for
truly
decentralized
Bitcoin
Layer2
solutions.


About
BEVM

BEVM
is
the
first
fully
decentralized,
EVM-compatible
Bitcoin
Layer
2
solution.
It
allows
Ethereum
ecosystem
DApps
to
operate
on
Bitcoin,
using
BTC
as
gas.
BEVM
enhances
Bitcoin’s
utility
by
providing
a
secure
and
scalable
platform
for
decentralized
applications.
The
system
integrates
advanced
consensus
mechanisms,
cross-chain
interaction,
and
robust
data
integrity
to
ensure
a
seamless
experience.
BEVM
aims
to
innovate
within
the
Bitcoin
ecosystem
by
offering
increased
scalability,
security,
and
compatibility
with
popular
Ethereum
tools
and
applications.

For
more
information,
users
can
visit

BEVm’s
official
website
or
follow
BEVM
on

Twitter.

Contact



Tommie
BEVM
[email protected]

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